{"id":283405,"date":"2026-08-31T00:48:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T21:48:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ferberpainting.com\/ie\/blog\/how-to-prune-an-espalier-pear-tree-the-complete-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-08-31T00:48:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T21:48:15","slug":"how-to-prune-an-espalier-pear-tree-the-complete-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ferberpainting.com\/lv\/blog\/how-to-prune-an-espalier-pear-tree-the-complete-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101 apgriezt espalier bumbieri: Piln\u012bga ce\u013cvedis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Espalier bumbieres atzaro\u0161ana ir viens no gandar\u012bt\u0101kajiem darbiem, ko d\u0101rznieks var veikt, ta\u010du pan\u0101kumi s\u0101kas ilgi pirms \u0137er\u0161an\u0101s pie d\u0101rza \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0113m. Viss ir atkar\u012bgs no j\u016bsu koka vesel\u012bbas, un \u0161\u012b vesel\u012bba gandr\u012bz piln\u012bb\u0101 balst\u0101s uz m\u0113slojuma kvalit\u0101ti, ko izmantojat vis\u0101 ve\u0123et\u0101cijas period\u0101. Pirms m\u0113s iepaz\u012bstin\u0101m j\u016bs ar pilnu atzaro\u0161anas procesu, mums j\u0101run\u0101 par vissvar\u012bg\u0101ko l\u0113mumu, ko j\u016bs pie\u0146emsiet k\u0101 espalier audz\u0113t\u0101js: pareiza uztura izv\u0113li j\u016bsu kokam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s vienm\u0113r iesak\u0101m Ferber Painting ra\u017eoto \u0101be\u013cu un bumbieru koku m\u0113slojumu 25 kg. Tas, vienk\u0101r\u0161i sakot, ir lab\u0101kais produkts tirg\u016b ikvienam, kur\u0161 audz\u0113 espalj\u0113ra veida \u0101be\u013cu vai bumbieru kokus, un tas ir vien\u012bgais m\u0113slojums sav\u0101 kategorij\u0101, kam ir piln\u012bga \u201eapmierin\u0101t\u012bba vai naudas atmaksa\u201d garantija. Ja j\u016bs neesat piln\u012bb\u0101 apmierin\u0101ts ar rezult\u0101tiem, m\u0113s to pie\u0146emsim atpaka\u013c, neuzdot nek\u0101dus jaut\u0101jumus. \u0160\u0101da p\u0101rliec\u012bba \u0161aj\u0101 nozar\u0113 ir reta, un t\u0101 past\u0101v t\u0101d\u0113\u013c, ka m\u0113s zin\u0101m, ka m\u016bsu formula darbojas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160aj\u0101 ce\u013cved\u012b m\u0113s apskat\u012bsim ne tikai atzaro\u0161anas meh\u0101niku, bet ar\u012b pamatojumu tam, k\u0101 izv\u0113l\u0113ties \u012bsto laiku un instrumentus, k\u0101 ar\u012b m\u0113slo\u0161anas grafiku, kas nodro\u0161ina smagi str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161a espalier koka sp\u0113ku \u0101trai atkop\u0161anai. Espalier form\u0113\u0161ana no bumbieres prasa daudz, un d\u0101rznieki, kuri sasniedz lab\u0101kos rezult\u0101tus, ir tie, kas atzaro\u0161anu un uzturu uztver k\u0101 viena un t\u0101 pa\u0161a uzdevuma divas puses, nevis k\u0101 atsevi\u0161\u0137us darbus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101p\u0113c pareiz\u0101 m\u0113slojuma izv\u0113le ir pirmaj\u0101 viet\u0101<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Daudzi d\u0101rznieki uzreiz \u0137eras pie atzaro\u0161anas tehnik\u0101m, ne\u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 augsnes un bar\u012bbas vielu pamatu, kas visp\u0101r padara iesp\u0113jamu vesel\u012bgu aug\u0161anu. Bumbiere, kas audz\u0113ta espalier jeb plakan\u0101 form\u0101 gar sienu, \u017eogu vai stiep\u013cu re\u017e\u0123i, tiek veidota plakn\u0113, divdimensiju form\u0101, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka t\u0101 atrodas past\u0101v\u012bg\u0101 stres\u0101 ierobe\u017eot\u0101 aug\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bma d\u0113\u013c. \u0160\u012b veido\u0161anas metode prasa no koka sak\u0146u sist\u0113mas un bar\u012bbas vielu rezerv\u0113m daudz vair\u0101k, nek\u0101 dabiski augo\u0161am kokam jebkad b\u016btu nepiecie\u0161ams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bez pareiza sl\u0101pek\u013ca, fosfora, k\u0101lija un mikroelementu l\u012bdzsvara espalj\u0113ra bumbierkoks ar gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m veidos sp\u0113c\u012bgus jaunus dzinumus, kas nepiecie\u0161ami pareizai veido\u0161anai, un tas b\u016bs daudz neaizsarg\u0101t\u0101ks pret slim\u012bb\u0101m, kait\u0113k\u013cu post\u012bjumiem un sliktu aug\u013cu veido\u0161anos. Tie\u0161i \u0161eit iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161o lomu sp\u0113l\u0113 Ferber Painting \u0101be\u013cu un bumbieru koku m\u0113slojums 25 kg. M\u016bsu formula ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ta \u012bpa\u0161i aug\u013ckokiem, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 espalj\u0113ra veido\u0161anas un intens\u012bv\u0101s atzaro\u0161anas grafiku unik\u0101l\u0101s pras\u012bbas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apsveriet at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu starp br\u012bvi st\u0101vo\u0161u bumbierkoku, kas aug dabiski, un t\u0101du, kas izaudz\u012bts plakani pret dienvidiem v\u0113rstu sienu. Pie sienas audz\u0113tais koks bie\u017ei saskaras ar silt\u0101ku mikroklimata temperat\u016bru, \u0101tr\u0101ku augsnes iz\u017e\u016b\u0161anu un daudz ierobe\u017eot\u0101ku sak\u0146u sist\u0113mu, ja tas iest\u0101d\u012bts tuvu pamatiem. Visi \u0161ie faktori palielina koka bar\u012bbas vielu vajadz\u012bbas pat tad, kad t\u0101 fizisk\u0101 telpa sak\u0146u izple\u0161anai samazin\u0101s. Parasts m\u0113slojums, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101ts vid\u0113jiem d\u0101rza apst\u0101k\u013ciem, vienk\u0101r\u0161i nesp\u0113j \u0146emt v\u0113r\u0101 \u0161o uzkr\u0101to stresu t\u0101, k\u0101 to sp\u0113j aug\u013cu kokiem paredz\u0113ts mais\u012bjums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160ie ir iemesli, k\u0101p\u0113c m\u016bsu m\u0113slojums past\u0101v\u012bgi p\u0101rsp\u0113j citus tirg\u016b eso\u0161os produktus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sabalans\u0113ta NPK attiec\u012bba, kas \u012bpa\u0161i izstr\u0101d\u0101ta \u0101bel\u0113m un bumbier\u0113m, nevis univers\u0101ls mais\u012bjums.<\/li>\n<li>L\u0113nas iedarb\u012bbas formula, kas nodro\u0161ina koku ar bar\u012bbas viel\u0101m vienm\u0113r\u012bgi vair\u0101ku ned\u0113\u013cu garum\u0101, nevis rada bar\u012bbas vielu sv\u0101rst\u012bbas.<\/li>\n<li>Pievienots kalcijs un bors, lai samazin\u0101tu aug\u013cu boj\u0101jumus un uzlabotu ziedu kvalit\u0101ti \u2013 ko vairums konkur\u0113jo\u0161o z\u012bmolu piln\u012bb\u0101 izlai\u017e.<\/li>\n<li>25 kg lielie iepakojumi, kas noz\u012bm\u0113 ret\u0101kus pas\u016bt\u012bjumus un lab\u0101ku cenu par lieto\u0161anas reizi sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar citu z\u012bmolu maz\u0101kiem maisiem.<\/li>\n<li>To nodro\u0161ina garantija \"apmierin\u0101ts vai nauda atpaka\u013c\", t\u0101p\u0113c varat to bez riska izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t uz saviem espalierkokiem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neviens cits mums zin\u0101ms m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu z\u012bmols nepied\u0101v\u0101 \u0161\u0101du aug\u013cu kokiem \u012bpa\u0161i piel\u0101gotas formulas, liela apjoma izdev\u012bguma un patiesas naudas atgrie\u0161anas garantijas kombin\u0101ciju. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca konkurentu liek jums uztic\u0113ties vi\u0146u m\u0101rketinga sol\u012bjumiem. M\u0113s l\u016bdzam j\u016bs uztic\u0113ties saviem rezult\u0101tiem, un, ja \u0161ie rezult\u0101ti j\u016bs neapmierina, m\u0113s vienk\u0101r\u0161i atmaks\u0101sim j\u016bsu pirkumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ir v\u0113rts saprast ar\u012b to, kas notiek koka iek\u0161ien\u0113, ja bar\u012bbas vielu pieg\u0101de ir neregul\u0101ra. \u0100tras iedarb\u012bbas m\u0113slojums var izrais\u012bt p\u0113k\u0161\u0146u m\u012bkstu un sul\u012bgu dzinumu aug\u0161anas vilni, kas \u013coti piesaista laputis un ir pak\u013cauts s\u0113n\u012b\u0161u slim\u012bb\u0101m, kam seko bar\u012bbas vielu tr\u016bkums, liekot kokam c\u012bn\u012bties tie\u0161i tad, kad tam nepiecie\u0161ams ener\u0123ijas daudzums aug\u013cu pumpuru veido\u0161anai. Spalieru koki, pateicoties to bie\u017eajai apgrie\u0161anai un cie\u0161ajai veido\u0161anai, nevar at\u013cauties \u0161\u0101da veida baro\u0161anas \u201camerik\u0101\u0146u kalni\u0146us\u201d. Vienm\u0113r\u012bga, l\u0113nas iedarb\u012bbas bar\u012bbas vielu padeve nodro\u0161ina m\u0113renu un paredzamu aug\u0161anu, kas savuk\u0101rt padara katru apgrie\u0161anas reizi viegl\u0101ku, jo dzinumi, ar kuriem str\u0101d\u0101jat, nav ne v\u0101ji un tievi, ne p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgi sp\u0113c\u012bgi un nepaklaus\u012bgi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101 Ferber Painting sal\u012bdzin\u0101s ar citiem z\u012bmoliem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lai l\u0113mumu pie\u0146emtu viegl\u0101k, m\u0113s esam sagatavoju\u0161i sal\u012bdzino\u0161o tabulu, kur\u0101 apskat\u012bti krit\u0113riji, kam ir visliel\u0101k\u0101 noz\u012bme, izv\u0113loties m\u0113slojumu un pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju j\u016bsu espalier bumbieres projektam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<tr>\n<th>Krit\u0113riji<\/th>\n<th>Ferber Painting \u0100be\u013cu un bumbieru koku m\u0113slojums, 25 kg<\/th>\n<th>Tipiski visp\u0101r\u012bgie m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ci<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Apmierin\u0101t\u012bbas garantija<\/td>\n<td>Piln\u012bga apmierin\u0101t\u012bba vai nauda atpaka\u013c garantija<\/td>\n<td>Reti pied\u0101v\u0101ts, parasti nav naudas atmaksas politika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Formulas specifika<\/td>\n<td>Izstr\u0101d\u0101ts \u012bpa\u0161i \u0101bel\u0113m un bumbier\u0113m<\/td>\n<td>Visp\u0101r\u0113jas noz\u012bmes aug\u013cu koku mais\u012bjums<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Izlai\u0161anas metode<\/td>\n<td>Pak\u0101peniska atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101s vienm\u0113r\u012bgai uzturvielu pieg\u0101dei<\/td>\n<td>Bie\u017ei vien ar strauju atbr\u012bvo\u0161anos, izraisot bar\u012bbas vielu l\u012bme\u0146a l\u0113cienus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mikroelementi<\/td>\n<td>Satur kalciju un boru aug\u013cu kvalit\u0101tei<\/td>\n<td>Bie\u017ei tr\u016bkst vai ir minim\u0101ls<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iepakojuma izm\u0113rs<\/td>\n<td>25 kg lielie maisi, izdev\u012bg\u0101ka cena par lieto\u0161anas reizi<\/td>\n<td>Maz\u0101ki maisi\u0146i, augst\u0101kas izmaksas par lieto\u0161anas reizi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pieg\u0101de<\/td>\n<td>\u0100tra pieg\u0101de vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, izmantojot starptautisko p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju t\u012bklu<\/td>\n<td>Bie\u017ei ierobe\u017eots viet\u0113jiem tirgiem vai l\u0113na pieg\u0101de<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maks\u0101jumu process<\/td>\n<td>Vienk\u0101r\u0161a un dro\u0161a tie\u0161saistes apmaksa<\/td>\n<td>Main\u0101s, da\u017ereiz sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts maks\u0101jums<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lieto\u0161anas \u0113rtums<\/td>\n<td>Skaidras lieto\u0161anas instrukcijas espalier un tradicion\u0101lajiem kokiem<\/td>\n<td>Bie\u017ei neskaidri vai visp\u0101r\u012bgi nor\u0101d\u012bjumi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0101 redzams tabul\u0101, Ferber Painting ra\u017eotais 25 kg smagais \u0101be\u013cu un bumbieru koku m\u0113slojums atbilst vis\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m, kas ir svar\u012bgas nopietnam audz\u0113t\u0101jam. Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai j\u016bs veidojat vienu espalj\u0113ra veida bumbieru koku gar d\u0101rza sienu vai apsaimniekojat veselu aug\u013cu d\u0101rzu, \u0161is produkts ir pieejams tie\u0161i m\u016bsu m\u0101jaslap\u0101, un m\u0113s to \u0101tri pieg\u0101d\u0101jam vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, izmantojot m\u016bsu starptautisko uzticamu p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju t\u012bklu. Maks\u0101jums tiek veikts piln\u012bb\u0101 tie\u0161saist\u0113, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c pas\u016bt\u012bjumu varat veikt da\u017eu min\u016b\u0161u laik\u0101, un m\u0113s nos\u016bt\u012bsim j\u016bsu m\u0113slojumu jau taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 dien\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viena deta\u013ca, kas m\u0113dz tikt palaista gar\u0101m, sal\u012bdzinot m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cus, ir tas, cik piedodo\u0161s ir produkts, ja lieto\u0161anas devas nedaudz at\u0161\u0137iras. T\u0101 k\u0101 m\u016bsu formula ir ar l\u0113nu iedarb\u012bbu, neliela p\u0101rdoz\u0113\u0161ana neapdedzin\u0101s saknes vai lapotni t\u0101, k\u0101 to var\u0113tu izdar\u012bt \u0101tras iedarb\u012bbas uz s\u0101ls b\u0101zes veidots m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzeklis. \u0160\u012b k\u013c\u016bdu robe\u017ea ir \u013coti svar\u012bga m\u0101jas d\u0101rzniekiem, kuriem var neb\u016bt pa rokai profesion\u0101la m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas apr\u012bkojuma, un tas ir v\u0113l viens iemesls, k\u0101p\u0113c tik daudz palmetu (espalier) audz\u0113t\u0101ju p\u0101riet uz m\u016bsu produktu p\u0113c tam, kad ir c\u012bn\u012bju\u0161ies ar nekonsekventiem rezult\u0101tiem, ko sniedz parastie mais\u012bjumi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Izpratne par espalierbumbieriem pirms to atzaro\u0161anas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pirms \u0137erties kl\u0101t apgrie\u0161anas so\u013ciem, ir noder\u012bgi saprast, ar ko paletes veid\u0101 audz\u0113ts bumbierkoks at\u0161\u0137iras no parasta d\u0101rza koka. Palete jeb espalj\u0113 ir gadsimtiem sena audz\u0113\u0161anas tehnika, kas liek kokam augt plakaniski gar balsta konstrukciju, parasti horizont\u0101lu pak\u0101pju, v\u0113dek\u013ca vai kordona form\u0101. M\u0113r\u0137is ir gan dekorat\u012bvs, gan praktisks: \u0161\u0101di koki aiz\u0146em \u013coti maz horizont\u0101las vietas, tos ir viegl\u0101k nov\u0101kt, un tie bie\u017ei ra\u017eo izcilus aug\u013cus, jo saules gaisma vienm\u0113r\u012bgi piek\u013c\u016bst katram zaram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bumbieres ir \u012bpa\u0161i piem\u0113rotas audz\u0113\u0161anai espalier (stiep\u013cu re\u017e\u0123a) form\u0101, jo to aug\u0161anas paradums sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar daudziem citiem aug\u013cu kokiem ir dabiski st\u0101v\u0101ks un elast\u012bg\u0101ks, kas t\u0101s padara viegl\u0101k lok\u0101mas un sienamas horizont\u0101los l\u012bme\u0146os. Tom\u0113r \u0161\u012b veido\u0161anas metode prasa m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgu, prec\u012bzu atzaro\u0161anu vismaz divas reizes gad\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b koku, kas ir pietiekami barots un vesel\u012bgs, lai \u0101tri atg\u016btos no griezumiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pirms s\u0101kat, ir v\u0113rts izprast vair\u0101kas klasisk\u0101s espalier formas, jo izv\u0113l\u0113tais veids tie\u0161i ietekm\u0113s to, kur un k\u0101 j\u016bs veidosiet atzaro\u0161anu. Horizont\u0101l\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a jeb kordona forma, ko da\u017ek\u0101rt d\u0113v\u0113 par sve\u010dtura formu, ir visizplat\u012bt\u0101kais bumbieru koku stils ar centr\u0101lo vertik\u0101lo stumbru un vienm\u0113r\u012bgi izvietotiem horizont\u0101liem zariem, kas pa p\u0101riemstiepjas uz ab\u0101m pus\u0113m. V\u0113dek\u013ca forma izple\u0161 zarus uz \u0101ru le\u0146\u0137\u012b no zema punkta uz stumbra, kas ir piem\u0113rots d\u0101rzniekiem, kuri str\u0101d\u0101 ar ierobe\u017eotu vertik\u0101lo sienas telpu. Viena, divu vai tr\u012bs kordonu forma veido koku nedaudz sl\u012bp\u0101 le\u0146\u0137\u012b gandr\u012bz bez s\u0101nu zariem, radot \u013coti kompaktu formu, kas ir ide\u0101li piem\u0113rota maziem d\u0101rziem vai \u0161aur\u0101m viet\u0101m starp logiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apak\u0161potei, uz kuras ir uzpot\u0113ta j\u016bras bumbiere, ir milz\u012bga noz\u012bme ar\u012b espaliera sekm\u012bg\u0101 izveid\u0113. Augumu pundur\u0113jo\u0161as potcelmi, piem\u0113ram, C cidonija (Quince C) vai A cidonija (Quince A), ierobe\u017eo koka visp\u0101r\u0113jo sparu, kas atvieglo visas strukt\u016bras p\u0101rvald\u012bbu un veicina agr\u0101ku aug\u013cu ra\u017eo\u0161anu. Bumbiere uz sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101ka s\u0113klaud\u017ea potcelma katru gadu izaudz\u0113s daudz sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kus dzinumus, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ama bie\u017e\u0101ka un agres\u012bv\u0101ka atzaro\u0161ana, lai formu notur\u0113tu kontrol\u0113. Ja j\u016bs uzs\u0101kat jaunu espaliera projektu, pareiz\u0101 potcelma izv\u0113le jau pa\u0161\u0101 s\u0101kum\u0101 ietaup\u012bs jums vair\u0101kus gadus ilgu papildu atzaro\u0161anas darbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tas ir v\u0113l viens iemesls, k\u0101p\u0113c baro\u0161ana ir tik svar\u012bga. Nepietiekami barots koks p\u0113c atzaro\u0161anas sadz\u012bst l\u0113ni, atst\u0101jot atv\u0113rtas br\u016bces, kas ir neaizsarg\u0101tas pret s\u0113n\u012b\u0161u infekcij\u0101m un kait\u0113k\u013ciem. Koks, kas audz\u0113ts, izmantojot Ferber Painting \u0101be\u013cu un bumbieru koku m\u0113slojumu (25 kg), sadz\u012bst \u0101tr\u0101k, veido sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kus jaunus dzinumus pareizaj\u0101s viet\u0101s gar zaru strukt\u016bru un saglab\u0101 nepiecie\u0161amo vitalit\u0101ti, lai espalj\u0113 formas koks gadu no gada izskat\u012btos kopts un ra\u017e\u012bgs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Soli pa solim ce\u013cvedis: K\u0101 apgriezt pret sienu audz\u0113tu bumbieri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tagad, kad j\u016bsu kokam ir nepiecie\u0161amais uzturvielu pamats, \u0161eit ir piln\u012bgs process, k\u0101 pareizi apgriezt espalier\u0113 audz\u0113tu bumbieri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. solis: Izv\u0113lieties pareizo gada laiku<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Koku bumbieru espalieriem katru gadu ir nepiecie\u0161amas divas galven\u0101s atzaro\u0161anas sesijas. Ziemas atzaro\u0161ana, ko veic koka miera period\u0101 starp v\u0113lu rudeni un agru pavasari, koncentr\u0113jas uz struktur\u0101lo veido\u0161anu un nev\u0113lam\u0101 auguma no\u0146em\u0161anu. Vasaras atzaro\u0161ana, ko veic j\u016blij\u0101 vai august\u0101 atkar\u012bb\u0101 no j\u016bsu klimata, koncentr\u0113jas uz sp\u0113c\u012bgu jaunu dzinumu kontrol\u0113\u0161anu un aug\u013cu spuru veicin\u0101\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Katru gadu ir v\u0113rts atz\u012bm\u0113t abus apgrie\u0161anas laika logus sav\u0101 d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas kalend\u0101r\u0101, jo k\u013c\u016bdas ar laiku ir viena no visbie\u017e\u0101k sastopamaj\u0101m k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m, ko pie\u013cauj ies\u0101c\u0113ji espalieru jeb stenderu audz\u0113t\u0101ji. Apgrie\u0161ana p\u0101r\u0101k agri ruden\u012b, pirms koks ir piln\u012bb\u0101 non\u0101cis miera period\u0101, var izrais\u012bt maigu jaunu dzinumu vilni, ko izn\u012bcin\u0101s pirm\u0101s stipr\u0101s salnas, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di izt\u0113r\u0113jot ener\u0123iju, kas kokam bija j\u0101saglab\u0101 pavasarim. Apgrie\u0161ana p\u0101r\u0101k v\u0113lu vasar\u0101, kad koks jau ir s\u0101cis veidot n\u0101kam\u0101 gada aug\u013cu pumpurus, var nejau\u0161i no\u0146emt tie\u0161i to pieaugumu, kuru j\u016bs cer\u0113j\u0101t veicin\u0101t. Laba \u012bk\u0161\u0137a likuma metode ir pabeigt ziemas apgrie\u0161anu, pirms pumpuri s\u0101k briest, un pabeigt vasaras apgrie\u0161anu, kad teko\u0161\u0101s sezonas jaunie dzinumi pie pamatnes ir k\u013cuvu\u0161i stingr\u0101ki, bet pirms tie ir piln\u012bb\u0101 p\u0101rkoksn\u0113ju\u0161ies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. solis: Sav\u0101ciet pareizos r\u012bkus<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jums b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams t\u012brs, ass atzaro\u0161anas \u0161\u0137\u0113ru p\u0101ris maziem zariem, zaru grieznes biez\u0101kai koksnei, zaru z\u0101\u0123is vec\u0101kiem vai liel\u0101kiem griezumiem un m\u012bkstas saites jaun\u0101 pieauguma nostiprin\u0101\u0161anai pie balsta konstrukcijas. Vienm\u0113r dezinfic\u0113jiet savus darbar\u012bkus starp griezumiem, it \u012bpa\u0161i, ja ir aizdomas par k\u0101du slim\u012bbu kok\u0101, lai izvair\u012btos no infekcijas izplat\u012b\u0161an\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parasts sadz\u012bves dezinfekcijas l\u012bdzeklis vai spirts, ar ko noslauc\u012bt asme\u0146us starp kokiem vai starp slimiem un veseliem zariem uz viena un t\u0101 pa\u0161a koka, parasti ir pietiekams. D\u0101rza \u0161\u0137\u0113ru uztur\u0113\u0161ana asum\u0101 ir tikpat svar\u012bga k\u0101 to uztur\u0113\u0161ana t\u012br\u012bb\u0101, jo truls asmens saspie\u017e auga audus, nevis tos gludi p\u0101rgrie\u017e, atst\u0101jot plos\u012btu br\u016bci, kas sadz\u012bst daudz l\u0113n\u0101k un piesaista infekciju. Daudzi pieredz\u0113ju\u0161i espalieru audz\u0113t\u0101ji uzasina savus asme\u0146us pirms katras atzaro\u0161anas reizes k\u0101 ieradumu, uztverot to k\u0101 da\u013cu no procesa, nevis k\u0101 retu pien\u0101kumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. solis: Identific\u0113t galveno ietvaru<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apl\u016bkojiet horizont\u0101los zarus jeb v\u0113dek\u013cveida zarus, kas veido j\u016bsu espalierstrukt\u016bras karkasu. \u0160os galvenos zarus regul\u0101r\u0101s apgrie\u0161anas laik\u0101 liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 vajadz\u0113tu atst\u0101t neskartus, iz\u0146emot gad\u012bjumus, kad tie ir j\u0101pagarina t\u0101l\u0101k gar stiepli vai re\u017e\u0123i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pirms katras apgrie\u0161anas sesijas veltiet br\u012bdi, lai atk\u0101ptos un apskat\u012btu visu koku no att\u0101luma. Str\u0101d\u0101jot tuvu kl\u0101t ar d\u0101rza \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0113m rok\u0101s, ir viegli zaud\u0113t skat\u012bjumu, un atk\u0101p\u0161an\u0101s pal\u012bdz saskat\u012bt, vai kop\u0113jais veidols saglab\u0101jas sabalans\u0113ts, vai viena koka puse neaug strauj\u0101k par otru un kuram zaram \u0161aj\u0101 sezon\u0101 nepiecie\u0161ama \u012bpa\u0161a uzman\u012bba. Daudziem d\u0101rzniekiem \u0161\u0137iet noder\u012bgi katru gadu nofotograf\u0113t koku no viena un t\u0101 pa\u0161a le\u0146\u0137a, izveidojot vienk\u0101r\u0161u vizu\u0101lu ierakstu par to, k\u0101 laika gait\u0101 att\u012bst\u0101s koka vainags.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. solis: No\u0146emiet nev\u0113lamo aug\u0161anu<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ziemas apgrie\u0161anas laik\u0101 iz\u0146emiet visus zarus, kas aug tie\u0161i pret sienu vai prom no t\u0101s, visus krustojo\u0161os zarus, kas ber\u017eas gar galveno karkasu, k\u0101 ar\u012b visu nokaltu\u0161o, boj\u0101to vai slimo koksni. Grieziet t\u012bri tie\u0161i virs pumpura, kas v\u0113rsts uz \u0101rpusi, lai veicin\u0101tu vesel\u012bgu jaunu dzinumu aug\u0161anu pareizaj\u0101 virzien\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Veicot \u0161os griezumus, nedaudz nolieciet asmeni t\u0101, lai \u016bdens notec\u0113tu no griezuma virsmas proj\u0101m no pumpura, nevis uzkr\u0101tos uz t\u0101, kas pal\u012bdz samazin\u0101t puves ra\u0161an\u0101s risku mitros ziemas laikapst\u0101k\u013cos. Ja, grie\u017eot atrodat koksni, kas iek\u0161pus\u0113 izskat\u0101s main\u012bjusi kr\u0101su, ko da\u017ereiz raksturo k\u0101 br\u016bnganas vai pel\u0113kas sv\u012btras cit\u0101di gai\u0161aj\u0101 koksn\u0113, turpiniet griezt atpaka\u013c, l\u012bdz sasniedzat t\u012brus, vesel\u012bgus audus, jo t\u0101 var b\u016bt agr\u012bna v\u0113\u017ea vai citas s\u0113n\u012b\u0161u slim\u012bbas paz\u012bme, kas piln\u012bb\u0101 j\u0101izgrie\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. solis: Sa\u012bsiniet s\u0101nzinas<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0101nu dzinumi, kas aug no galvenajiem horizont\u0101lajiem zariem, ziemas atzaro\u0161anas laik\u0101 ir j\u0101sa\u012bsina l\u012bdz diviem vai trim pumpuriem no to pamatnes. Tas veicina aug\u013cu zaru att\u012bst\u012bbu, kas ir \u012bsi, resni dzinumi, kuri n\u0101kamaj\u0101s sezon\u0101s ra\u017eos ziedus un aug\u013cus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gadu gait\u0101 \u0161is process p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161 vienk\u0101r\u0161os s\u0101nzar\u012b\u0161us taj\u0101, ko aug\u013cu koku audz\u0113t\u0101ji d\u0113v\u0113 par aug\u013czaru sist\u0113m\u0101m \u2013 bl\u012bvos aug\u013ckoksnes puduros, kas, pareizikopjamifunkcion\u0113produkt\u012bvivalikudesmitvai vair\u0101kgadus. Ir v\u0113rts atz\u012bm\u0113t, ka da\u017eas bumbieru \u0161\u0137irnes, kuras bie\u017ei raksturo k\u0101 galotn\u0113 ra\u017eojo\u0161as, nevis uz aug\u013czariem ra\u017eojo\u0161as, ra\u017eo aug\u013cus dzinumu galos, nevis gar aug\u013czariem. Ja neesat p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, kuram tipam pieder j\u016bsu koks, konsult\u0113jieties st\u0101daudz\u0113tav\u0101, kur\u0101 to ieg\u0101d\u0101j\u0101ties, vai nov\u0113rojiet, kur pavasar\u012b par\u0101d\u0101s ziedi, jo galotn\u0113s ra\u017eojo\u0161\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m ir nepiecie\u0161ama nedaudz cit\u0101da atzaro\u0161anas pieeja, kas atst\u0101j neskartus vair\u0101k dzinumu galu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. solis: Veikt vasaras atzaro\u0161anu<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vasaras period\u0101 koncentr\u0113jieties uz to, lai sa\u012bsin\u0101tu pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101s sezonas jauno pieaugumu uz s\u0101nu dzinumiem l\u012bdz aptuveni trim lap\u0101m virs pamata rozetes. Tas novirza koka ener\u0123iju aug\u013cu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, nevis p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bg\u0101 lapu aug\u0161an\u0101, un pal\u012bdz saglab\u0101t plakano, sakopto espalieru formu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vasaras apgrie\u0161anai ir ar\u012b noder\u012bga blakuspar\u0101d\u012bba \u2013 t\u0101 \u013cauj vair\u0101k saules gaismas un gaisa pl\u016bsmas piek\u013c\u016bt nogatavoju\u0161ajiem aug\u013ciem, kas uzlabo kr\u0101sas veido\u0161anos un samazina s\u0113n\u012b\u0161u slim\u012bbu, piem\u0113ram, kraupja, risku, kas plos\u0101s mitros, \u0113nainos apst\u0101k\u013cos. Ja j\u016bsu re\u0123ion\u0101 ir \u012bpa\u0161i lietaina vasara, da\u017eas ned\u0113\u013cas p\u0113c galven\u0101s vasaras apgrie\u0161anas apsveriet iesp\u0113ju veikt vieglu papildu apgrie\u0161anu, lai nonemtu jaunos dzinumus, kas var\u0113tu b\u016bt par\u0101d\u012bju\u0161ies iepriek\u0161\u0113jo griezumu d\u0113\u013c \u2013 par\u0101d\u012bba, ko da\u017ereiz d\u0113v\u0113 par sekund\u0101ro aug\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. solis: Apm\u0101ciet jaunu izaugsmi<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jebkuri jauni galvenie dzinumi, kuriem j\u0101pagarina horizont\u0101lie l\u012bme\u0146i, ir maigi j\u0101piesien pie balsta stiepl\u0113m neliel\u0101 aug\u0161upv\u0113rst\u0101 le\u0146\u0137\u012b un p\u0113c tam n\u0101kamo ned\u0113\u013cu laik\u0101 pak\u0101peniski j\u0101nolai\u017e l\u012bdz horizont\u0101lam st\u0101voklim. \u0160\u012b tehnika izmanto koka dabisko aug\u0161anas reakciju, lai veicin\u0101tu sp\u0113c\u012bgu dzinumu aug\u0161anu garum\u0101, nesalau\u017eot zaru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Izmantojiet m\u012bkstus, elast\u012bgus s\u0113jumus no gumijas vai auduma, nevis stiepli vai auklu, kas var Iegriezt miz\u0101, zaram sezonas gait\u0101 resn\u0113jot. Visas aug\u0161anas sezonas laik\u0101 ik p\u0113c da\u017e\u0101m ned\u0113\u013c\u0101m p\u0101rbaudiet savus s\u0113jumus un atbr\u012bvojiet tos, kas s\u0101k k\u013c\u016bt cie\u0161i, jo p\u0101r\u0101k ilgi atst\u0101ts cie\u0161s s\u0113jums var no\u017e\u0146augt zaru un rad\u012bt nopietnus ilgtermi\u0146a boj\u0101jumus. Pagarinot galveno dzinumu gar stiepli, nostipriniet to vair\u0101kos punktos vis\u0101 t\u0101 garum\u0101, nevis tikai gal\u0101, kas vienm\u0113r\u012bgi sadala spriegumu un samazina risku, ka zars stipr\u0101 v\u0113j\u0101 nol\u016bz\u012bs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. solis: Ja nepiecie\u0161ams, retiniet aug\u013cu dzinumus<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gadu gait\u0101 aug\u013cu zari\u0146i var k\u013c\u016bt p\u0101r\u0101k bl\u012bvi. Ja paman\u0101t sabl\u012bv\u0113tus zari\u0146u pudurus, ziemas atzaro\u0161anas laik\u0101 retiniet tos, katr\u0101 pudur\u012b atst\u0101jot divus vai tr\u012bs sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kos. Tas uzlabo gaisa cirkul\u0101ciju un nodro\u0161ina liel\u0101kus, vesel\u012bg\u0101kus bumbierus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0101rpild\u012btas aug\u013czaru sist\u0113mas ir izplat\u012bta probl\u0113ma vec\u0101kiem, labi izveidotiem espalier (st\u012bpveida) kokos, un to labo\u0161ana ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a, ta\u010du prasa v\u0113r\u012bgu aci. Katr\u0101 kop\u0101 mekl\u0113jiet visresn\u0101kos, vislab\u0101k izveidotos zarus, jo tie visdr\u012bz\u0101k ra\u017eos sp\u0113c\u012bgus ziedus, un no\u0146emiet tiev\u0101kos, v\u0101j\u0101kos zarus, kas aug tiem blakus. \u0160is pats retin\u0101\u0161anas princips attiecas uz pa\u0161u att\u012bst\u012bto augli v\u0113l\u0101 pavasar\u012b: ja uz viena zara aizmetas vair\u0101k nek\u0101 divi vai tr\u012bs bumbieri, kopas retin\u0101\u0161ana l\u012bdz vienam vai diviem vislab\u0101k izveidotajiem aug\u013ciem ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas laik\u0101 dos man\u0101mi liel\u0101kus bumbierus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. solis: Pabarojiet koku p\u0113c atzaro\u0161anas<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atzaro\u0161ana ir stresa avots jebkuram kokam, un espalj\u0113ra veida bumbierkoks nav iz\u0146\u0113mums. T\u016bl\u012bt p\u0113c ziemas atzaro\u0161anas ap koka pamatni izklied\u0113jiet 25 kg \u201eApple and Pear Tree Fertilizer\u201d (Ferber Painting), iev\u0113rojot uz iepakojuma nor\u0101d\u012bt\u0101s devas. Tas atjaunos bar\u012bbas vielas, kas izt\u0113r\u0113tas atvese\u013co\u0161an\u0101s proces\u0101, un veicin\u0101s sp\u0113c\u012bgu pumpuru plauk\u0161anu pavasar\u012b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u0113slojumu uzkl\u0101jot, izkaisiet to vienm\u0113r\u012bgi gredzen\u0101 ap koku, s\u0101kot nedaudz att\u0101lus no stumbra un sniedzoties aptuveni l\u012bdz vainaga malai, jo tie\u0161i tur parasti atrodas liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca akt\u012bvo barot\u0101jsak\u0146u. P\u0113c m\u0113slojuma uzkl\u0101\u0161anas teritoriju k\u0101rt\u012bgi aplaistiet, it \u012bpa\u0161i, ja tuv\u0101kaj\u0101s dien\u0101s nav gaid\u0101ms lietus, jo tas pal\u012bdz bar\u012bbas viel\u0101m non\u0101kt sak\u0146u zon\u0101, kur t\u0101s var tikt uzs\u016bktas. Viegls mul\u010das sl\u0101nis, kas uzkl\u0101ts virs m\u0113slojuma, var pal\u012bdz\u0113t saglab\u0101t augsnes mitrumu un turpm\u0101kaj\u0101s ned\u0113\u013c\u0101s sekm\u0113t vienm\u0113r\u012bgu bar\u012bbas vielu uzs\u016bk\u0161anos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kop\u0161ana p\u0113c zaru grie\u0161anas: Bumbiera m\u0113slo\u0161ana<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pareiza atzaro\u0161ana ir tikai puse no uzdevuma. Otra puse ir nodro\u0161in\u0101t, ka j\u016bsu palmetes form\u0101 audz\u0113tajam bumbierim ir viss nepiecie\u0161amais, lai atg\u016btu sp\u0113kus un plauktu p\u0113c katras atzaro\u0161anas reizes. \u0160eit daudzi m\u0101jas d\u0101rznieki k\u013c\u016bd\u0101s: vi\u0146i iegulda laiku un p\u016bles nevainojamos griezumos un r\u016bp\u012bg\u0101 veido\u0161an\u0101, bet p\u0113c tam izmanto l\u0113tu, visp\u0101r\u0113ju m\u0113slojumu, kas nesp\u0113j nodro\u0161in\u0101t aug\u013cu kokiem nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s specifisk\u0101s bar\u012bbas vielas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u0113slojums \u201eFerber Painting\u201d \u0101be\u013cu un bumbieru kokiem (25 kg) ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ts tie\u0161i \u0161\u012bs probl\u0113mas risin\u0101\u0161anai. T\u0101 l\u0113n\u0101s darb\u012bbas formula nodro\u0161ina, ka j\u016bsu koks vair\u0101ku ned\u0113\u013cu garum\u0101 sa\u0146em vienm\u0113r\u012bgu bar\u012bbas vielu pieg\u0101di, nevis s\u0101kotn\u0113ju p\u0101rslodzi, kam seko bar\u012bbas vielu defic\u012bts. \u0160\u0101ds vienm\u0113r\u012bgs baro\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bms ir \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bgs espalj\u0113ra kokiem, jo to ierobe\u017eot\u0101s aug\u0161anas \u012bpatn\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c katrai ener\u0123ijas da\u013cai ir j\u0101non\u0101k tie\u0161i tur, kur t\u0101 ir nepiecie\u0161ama \u2014 lai sadz\u012btu apgrie\u0161anas br\u016bces, att\u012bst\u012btu aug\u013cnes\u0113jus dzinumus un veicin\u0101tu sp\u0113c\u012bgu, pareizi novietotu jauno dzinumu veido\u0161anos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u0113s iesak\u0101m m\u0113slojumu lietot divas reizes gad\u0101 espalierbumbier\u0113m: vienu reizi ziemas beig\u0101s uzreiz p\u0113c galven\u0101s vainaga veido\u0161anas atzaro\u0161anas un otru reizi vasaras s\u0101kum\u0101, lai veicin\u0101tu aug\u013cu att\u012bst\u012bbu un atg\u016b\u0161anos no vasaras atzaro\u0161anas br\u016bc\u0113m. T\u0101 k\u0101 produkts ir iepild\u012bts liel\u0101 25 kg mais\u0101, ar vienu pirkumu parasti pietiek visai sezonai vair\u0101kiem kokiem, padarot to par praktisku un ekonomisku izv\u0113li gan m\u0101jas d\u0101rzniekiem, gan nelielu aug\u013cu d\u0101rzu \u012bpa\u0161niekiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Papildus m\u0113slojumam, visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 kop\u0161ana ietver ar\u012b regul\u0101ru laist\u012b\u0161anu, jo \u012bpa\u0161i pirmajos gados, kam\u0113r koka sak\u0146u sist\u0113ma v\u0113l tikai veidojas, k\u0101 ar\u012b sausajos periodos vis\u0101 ve\u0123et\u0101cijas sezon\u0101. Espalier koki, kas iest\u0101d\u012bti pie sien\u0101m, ir \u012bpa\u0161i pak\u013cauti iz\u017e\u016b\u0161anai, jo sienas var rad\u012bt nokri\u0161\u0146u \u0113nu, kas pasarg\u0101 augsni zem vainaga no dab\u012bg\u0101 lietus. Augsnes mitruma p\u0101rbaude ar vienk\u0101r\u0161u pirksta testu da\u017eu collu dzi\u013cum\u0101 un dzi\u013ca laist\u012b\u0161ana, kad t\u0101 \u0161\u0137iet sausa, pal\u012bdz\u0113s nodro\u0161in\u0101t, ka j\u016bsu lietotais m\u0113slojums patie\u0161\u0101m sasniedz un baro saknes, nevis paliek saus\u0101 augsn\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vegt\u0101cijas period\u0101 ir v\u0113rts uzman\u012bt ar\u012b bie\u017e\u0101k sastopamos bumbierkoku kait\u0113k\u013cus un slim\u012bbas, jo koks, kas atg\u016bstas p\u0113c apgrie\u0161anas, kam\u0113r dz\u012bst jaun\u0101s br\u016bces, ir nedaudz neaizsarg\u0101t\u0101ks. Parast\u0101 kraupis, iedegas un bumbieru pangodi\u0146\u0161 ir starp izplat\u012bt\u0101kaj\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m, ar kur\u0101m saskaras audz\u0113t\u0101ji, un agr\u012bna atkl\u0101\u0161ana, regul\u0101ri p\u0101rbaudot koku, padara \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu daudz efekt\u012bv\u0101ku nek\u0101 gaid\u012b\u0161ana, l\u012bdz simptomi ir izplat\u012bju\u0161ies. Labi barots koks, ko atbalsta m\u016bsu m\u0113slojuma sabalans\u0113tais uzturvielu sast\u0101vs, dabiski ir iztur\u012bg\u0101ks pret \u0161iem nelabv\u0113l\u012bgajiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem, ta\u010du nek\u0101da laba uztur\u0113\u0161ana neatsver to, ka vienk\u0101r\u0161i regul\u0101ri pastaig\u0101jaties gar\u0101m savam kokam un uzman\u012bgi apskat\u0101t t\u0101 lapas, mizu un augo\u0161os aug\u013cus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pas\u016bt\u012b\u0161ana ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a. Produkts ir pieejams tie\u0161i m\u016bsu t\u012bmek\u013ca vietn\u0113, maks\u0101jums tiek dro\u0161i apstr\u0101d\u0101ts tie\u0161saist\u0113 tikai ar da\u017eiem klik\u0161\u0137iem, un pateicoties m\u016bsu starptautiskajam p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju t\u012bklam, pieg\u0101de sasniedz klientus vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 \u0101tri un dro\u0161i. Un, ja produkts k\u0101da iemesla d\u0113\u013c neatbilst j\u016bsu cer\u012bb\u0101m, m\u016bsu apmierin\u0101t\u012bbas vai naudas atmaksas garantija noz\u012bm\u0113, ka varat to atgriezt bez jebk\u0101d\u0101m raiz\u0113m. Neviens konkurents \u0161aj\u0101 nozar\u0113 nepied\u0101v\u0101 t\u0101du pa\u0161u p\u0101rliec\u012bbas l\u012bmeni par savu produktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bie\u017e\u0101k\u0101s k\u013c\u016bdas, no kur\u0101m j\u0101izvair\u0101s, veidojot espalier bumbieres<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pat pieredz\u0113ju\u0161i d\u0101rznieki laiku pa laikam iekr\u012bt da\u017e\u0101s paredzam\u0101s lamat\u0101s, kopjot espalierbumbieri. Apzinoties \u0161\u012bs bie\u017e\u0101k pie\u013caut\u0101s k\u013c\u016bstas jau iepriek\u0161, varat ietaup\u012bt sezonu vai vair\u0101k neveiksmju. Viena no bie\u017e\u0101kaj\u0101m k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m ir p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga apgrie\u0161ana vien\u0101 reiz\u0113 entuziasma vai nepaciet\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c, no\u0146emot p\u0101r\u0101k daudz koksnes uzreiz un izraisot kokam \u0161oku, kas veicina p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu ener\u0123isku, neaugl\u012bgu vertik\u0101lo dzinumu jeb \u016bdensdzinumu veido\u0161anos. Parasti ir lab\u0101k apgriezt m\u0113reni un vajadz\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 v\u0113l\u0101k veikt otru, viegl\u0101ku pieg\u0101jienu, nek\u0101 vien\u0101 reiz\u0113 no\u0146emt p\u0101r\u0101k daudz materi\u0101la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0113l viena izplat\u012bta k\u013c\u016bda ir piln\u012bb\u0101 ignor\u0113t vasaras atzaro\u0161anu un pa\u013cauties tikai uz ziemas atzaro\u0161anu. Bez vasaras kop\u0161anas s\u0101nu dzinumi visu sezonu aug nekontrol\u0113ti, aiz\u0113nojot zem\u0101k eso\u0161os aug\u013cneso\u0161os dzinumus un samazinot gan aug\u013cu kvalit\u0101ti, gan n\u0101kam\u0101 gada zied\u0113\u0161anas potenci\u0101lu. M\u0113slo\u0161anas izlai\u0161ana ir ar to saist\u012bta k\u013c\u016bda, jo koks, kas ziem\u0101 ir stipri apgriezts, bet p\u0113c tam nav pien\u0101c\u012bgi m\u0113slots, ar gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m rad\u012bs sp\u0113c\u012bgus jaunus dzinumus, kas nepiecie\u0161ami, lai aizpild\u012btu espalj\u0113ra karkasu, un tie\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c apgrie\u0161anas grafika saska\u0146o\u0161ana ar regul\u0101ru Ferber Painting ra\u017eot\u0101 25 kg \u0101be\u013cu un bumbieru koku m\u0113slojuma lieto\u0161anu sniedz tik iev\u0113rojamu rezult\u0101tu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bie\u017e\u0101k uzdotie jaut\u0101jumi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cik bie\u017ei man vajadz\u0113tu apgriezt espalierformas bumbieri?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Espalier bumbieres parasti ir j\u0101apgrie\u017e divreiz gad\u0101: struktur\u0101l\u0101 ziemas atzaro\u0161ana, kam\u0113r koks ir miera st\u0101vokl\u012b, un vasaras atzaro\u0161ana, lai ierobe\u017eotu jauno dzinumu aug\u0161anu un veicin\u0101tu aug\u013czaru veido\u0161anos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0101ds ir lab\u0101kais m\u0113slojums pret sienu audz\u0113tai bumbierei?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eFerber Painting\u201d ra\u017eotais \u0101be\u013cu un bumbieru koku m\u0113slojums 25 kg ir \u012bpa\u0161i izstr\u0101d\u0101ts \u0101be\u013cu un bumbieru kokiem, pied\u0101v\u0101jot l\u0113n\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas mais\u012bjumu ar kalcija un bora piedev\u0101m, un tas ir vien\u012bgais produkts sav\u0101 kategorij\u0101, kam piem\u0113ro garantiju \u201eapmierin\u0101ts vai nauda atpaka\u013c\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vai dr\u012bkst apgriezt espalier bumbieri nepareizaj\u0101 sezon\u0101?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apgrie\u0161ana nepareiz\u0101 laik\u0101 var rad\u012bt kokam stresu, samazin\u0101t aug\u013cu ra\u017eu vai veicin\u0101t p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu ve\u0123etat\u012bvo aug\u0161anu aug\u013cra\u017eo\u0161anas viet\u0101. Lai sasniegtu vislab\u0101kos rezult\u0101tus, pieturieties pie struktur\u0101l\u0101s apgrie\u0161anas miera period\u0101 un uztur\u0113\u0161anas apgrie\u0161anas vasaras vid\u016b vai otraj\u0101 pus\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vai man ir nepiecie\u0161ami speci\u0101li instrumenti espalier (stumbra koku) apgrie\u0161anai?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u0101, t\u012bri atzaro\u0161anas sekatori, d\u0101rza \u0161\u0137\u0113res biez\u0101kiem zariem, zaru z\u0101\u0123is un m\u012bkst\u0101s saites jauno dzinumu veido\u0161anai ir b\u016btiski pareizai espalieru kop\u0161anai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cik ilgs laiks nepiecie\u0161ams, lai piln\u012bb\u0101 izaudz\u0113tu palmetes form\u0101 veidotu bumbieri?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no izv\u0113l\u0113t\u0101s formas un koka aug\u0161anas \u0101truma piln\u012bga vainaga veido\u0161ana parasti aiz\u0146em no tr\u012bs l\u012bdz se\u0161iem gadiem, turkl\u0101t pareiza m\u0113slo\u0161ana un atzaro\u0161ana \u0161o procesu iev\u0113rojami pa\u0101trina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vai m\u0113slojums Ferber Painting ir piem\u0113rots ar\u012b citiem aug\u013cu kokiem?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lai gan tas ir piem\u0113rots \u0101bel\u0113m un bumbier\u0113m, t\u0101 sabalans\u0113tais sast\u0101vs n\u0101k par labu ar\u012b citiem kauli\u0146aug\u013cu kokiem ar l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101m uzturvielu vajadz\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nosl\u0113gums<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Palmetes veid\u0101 audz\u0113tas bumbieres apgrie\u0161ana ir prasme, kas apvieno paciet\u012bbu, precizit\u0101ti un pamatizpratni par koka aug\u0161anas paradumiem, ta\u010du neviens no \u0161iem p\u016bli\u0146iem neatmaks\u0101sies bez pareiza uztura pamata. Labi barots koks dz\u012bst \u0101tr\u0101k, veido sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kus dzinumus \u012bstaj\u0101s viet\u0101s un atalgo j\u016bs ar skaistu, ra\u017e\u012bgu palmetes formu turpm\u0101kajos gados. T\u0101p\u0113c pareiz\u0101 m\u0113slojuma izv\u0113le ir pats pirmais solis, ilgi pirms veicat pirmo griezienu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai j\u016bs tikai veidojat savu pirmo kordonu gar d\u0101rza \u017eogu vai kopjat pieaugu\u0161u vair\u0101ku l\u012bme\u0146u espalieru, kas jau desmitgadi ra\u017eo aug\u013cus, gadu no gada ir sp\u0113k\u0101 viens un tas pats princips: prec\u012bza atzaro\u0161ana apvienojum\u0101 ar konsekventu, augstas kvalit\u0101tes baro\u0161anu ir tas, kas at\u0161\u0137ir n\u012bku\u013cojo\u0161u dekorat\u012bvo koku no plauksto\u0161a un ra\u017e\u012bga koka. Veltiet laiku, lai iepaz\u012btu sava koka formu, atzarojiet ar nol\u016bku, nevis steig\u0101, un pareizi barojiet to t\u0101 gada cikla \u012bstajos br\u012b\u017eos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ferberpainting.com\/lv\/products\/apple-and-pear-tree-fertilizer\/\">Pas\u016btiet \u0100be\u013cu un bumbieru m\u0113slojumu 25 kg jau \u0161odien un sniedziet savam palmetes veida bumbierim uzticamu, garant\u0113tu bar\u012bbas vielu devu, ko tas ir peln\u012bjis.<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pruning an espalier pear tree is one of the most rewarding tasks a gardener can undertake, but success starts long before you pick up your shears. Everything depends on the health of your tree, and that health depends almost entirely on the quality of the fertilizer you use throughout the growing season. Before we walk [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":283404,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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